What Is Colorectal Cancer?

You may know colorectal cancer by its more common name of colon cancer. It is cancer of the colon or rectum, and is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Colorectal cancers begin when the tissue that lines the colon or rectum grows uncontrollably, resulting in polyps. However, with regular screenings, approximately 60% of these deaths can be prevented.

Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Besides regular screenings, simple lifestyle changes may help lower your risk of colorectal cancer. 

• Maintain a healthy diet: eat a low calorie, high fiber diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and plant-based foods; limit red meat and processed foods
• Regular exercise: 30-60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day
• Limit alcohol and tobacco use: If you smoke and would like help quitting, please contact our Smoking Cessation Program.
• Know your family history: talk to your family about their health history. Genetic testing may be recommended. 

Colorectal Cancer Symptoms

Early stages of colorectal cancer usually occur without any symptoms. Most colorectal cancers begin as polyps, small non-cancerous growths on the colon wall that can grow larger and become cancerous. As polyps or cancers grow, they can bleed or block the intestines. It is best to detect colorectal cancer before any symptoms develop, through a screening test.

Symptoms of colorectal cancer may include:

• Rectal bleeding
• Blood in the stool or toilet after a bowel movement
• Diarrhea or constipation that does not go away
• Change in normal bowel habits, such as size, shape and frequency
• Discomfort or urge to have a bowel movement when there is no need
• Abdominal pain or a cramping pain in your lower stomach
• Bloating or full feeling
• Change in appetite
• Weight loss without dieting
• Fatigue

These symptoms may not mean that you have colorectal cancer, but, if you notice unexplained changes and they persist for more than two weeks, it is time to call a doctor.

Diagnosis

Early detection of colorectal cancer makes for more effective treatment. That’s why screening is so important.

To aid in the prevention and early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, Rochester Regional Health’s colorectal screening clinic provides screening tests and procedures to detect polyps, lesions and other abnormalities that may develop into cancer.